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Is muddy water or water containing sugar and salt sufficient for making oneself tahir from najasah?
It is possible to use water to make things tahir, if the percentage of salt, sugar and mud in it is so low that it is still conventionally called water.
I was told that one must remove the essential najasah from a najis object in order to make it tahir again. Is this true?
In order to restore the taharah of a najis object with water, the actual najasah, e.g. semen, has to be removed first.
I have read that for making the hand tahir by qaleel water, it is necessary to pour the water on the hand, and when the water flows off the hand the hand will become tahir. Does this apply to all body parts as well as the penis? What if the najasah is urine?
Yes, the separation of water from the najis object is a condition in the process of purification if the water used is little (qaleel). This ruling is the same for all parts of the body, including the penis.
If the najasah is urine then one needs to wash the najis object twice when qaleel water is used.
If the body has become najis through urine, is it sufficient to wash it once using water connected to a large source (e.g. tap-water), if while washing the najasah is being removed?
Yes, it is sufficient.
If the body has become najis through urine, is it enough to wash it once by using Kurr water, if while washing the najasah is being removed?
Yes, it is enough to do so.
When purifying something from urine, is it necessary to pour water twice with under-kurr water? Would it be sufficient to pour water once for a longer period continuously?
One must repeat the washing in order to purify a place from urine. It is not sufficient to wash once for an elongated time.
When purifying an object which has become najis due to something other than urine and under-kurr water is used, such as from a pitcher, is it sufficient to just pour water on the object once?
Yes, it is sufficient to pour that water once to make it tahir, and it is necessary to pour the water twice if it became najis with urine.
What is the ruling of the under-Kurr water which is poured over a najis thing to wash it after the essential najasah has been removed?
It is considered to be najis.
If one gets a najis thing in his mouth, such as pork, how does he purify his mouth? Is it enough to spit it out, or must one wash his mouth once with running water, thrice with little water, etc,?
It is not necessary to wash the inside the mouth to make it tahir; it is sufficient to remove the najasah in the said case to restore the taharah.
If something is made tahir from urine using under-kurr water, is the water that flows away from it najis or tahir in the first and second washings?
The water that flows from the object being washed will be najis, whether it is the first washing or the second.
If my shoes become najis by stepping into najasah, can I make my shoes tahir by rubbing them on the earth?
Earth can only make the soles of the shoes, the feet and the like tahir by walking on them, provided that the najasah was caused by walking on the earth.
Earth can make things tahir when it is dry, and based on an obligatory precaution it must be tahir itself.
What is the ruling concerning making a dish or utensil tahir with Kurr or running water? Should it be washed three times or once?
It is enough to wash it once with Kurr or running water with the removal of the essential najasah.
Can the Sun make permanent fixtures inside a house tahir through glass windows?
As an obligatory precaution, the sun can not make anything tahir through glass and the like.
If the Sun is seen through the window of a room, can it make the floor of my room tahir after it has become najis?
The Sun can make permanent flooring tahir, if the window is open and the sun is directly drying it, but it does not make the carpet and the moveable things tahir.
How many days are required for the Istibra of animals which eat filth (najasah)?
The Istibra of the animal that eats human excrement occurs by preventing the animal from consuming human excrement for a specific number of days, in such a way it is considered as not consuming human excrement, and the period depends on the type of animal.
The sharia defines this period for the camel to be forty days; for the cow to be twenty days (and as a recommended precaution it is thirty days); for the sheep to be ten days (and based on a recommended precaution it is fourteen days and as an obligatory precaution this applies to the goat too); for the duck it is five days (and as a recommended precaution it is seven days); and for the chicken it is three days.
For other animals, as an obligatory precaution one should do the Istibra of the animal based on the longest period after which the animal would conventionally not be regarded as one that consumes human excrement, and also considering the size of the animal and comparing it to the mentioned list.
My baby’s diaper starts leaking in the house and I am sure that one wet spot in the house is urine, but I am not sure whether most of the other wet spots in the house are urine. There is a trail of wetness where he was running but I do not know if it is urine or something else. What should I do? Can I use bleach or chemical cleaning products or a mop?
The suggested way does not return the taharah of the place. Taharah is done with the use of water. After the removal of the najasah and if under-Kurr water is being used, the najis place should be washed twice, with the removal of the water after each time. This can be done by a piece of cloth or a mop or the like to soak it up. The collected water is najis so one should make sure that najasah does not spread because of it. A bucket or a large utensil can be used near the najis place to put the cloth with the najis collected water.
If running water is used, it is enough to wash the place once with or after the removal of any traces of najasah.
To be sure that the whole place is Tahir, all parts which are suspected to be najis must be made tahir.
I find that I discharge a thick liquid resembling pre-ejaculatory fluid whenever I urinate. Do I need to remove it or make the place tahir?
This substance is not originally najis. but when it comes in contact with urine it becomes najis. You should wash it in the regular conventional way, and there is nothing further to be done.
If the inside of the car has become najis, and after the removal of the actual najasah it becomes dry by the Sun, will it become tahir?
Mobile things such as cars are not made tahir by the Sun.
Does Istihala occur when any component undergoes a chemical reaction?
We cannot present a general principle for this, since the change that results in the taharah of the changed substance occurs when the second state is different from the first one in the conventional understanding, in such a way that people – within conventional norms – consider the second form as a different matter.
An obvious example is the Istihala of wood into smoke or ash.
Do najis clothes need to be dried in the Sun after being made tahir by water?
This is not necessary.